行政行为公定力理论的新阐释

New Explanation of the Presumptive Rightfulness of the Administrative Act

发轫于日本的行政行为公定力理论并非传统行政法学虚构的神话,而是一个具有丰富内涵的基本范畴。公定力意指除自始无效外,行政行为一经做出即获得有效推定的作用力。行政瑕疵的不可避免性、行政纠纷的客观必然性以及纠纷解决的非合意性构成了行政行为公定力存在的社会基础;社会成员的秩序需求则是公定力存在的理论依据。作为一种具有对世性的法律效力,行政行为公定力对不同的对象具有各不相同的要求。

Japan commenced in the presumptive rightfulness of administrative act theory is not the traditional administrative law fictitious myth, but a basic concept with rich meaning. The presumptive rightfulness is a kind of legal force that can make administrative act get inference of validity, unless it is invalid from the beginning. The unavoidance of the administrative flaw, the inevitability of the administrative dispute and the unconformity of dispute resolving constitute the social basis of the presumptive rightfulness. The social member＇ s requirements to order are the theoretical basis of the presumptive rightfulness. As the most important legal force of administrative act, the presumptive rightfulness has different demands to different objects.