日本近代中国学:知识可否解放身份

Modern China Studies in Japan:Can Knowledge Emancipate Status?

近代日本中国学家要回答的问题有两个,一个是要不要抗拒欧美,另一个是要不要排除中国。本文根据这两个问题得出中国学的四种视角,分别以白鸟库吉、内藤湖南、津田左右吉与竹内好为例子。他们各自追求从某种卑微身份中的解放,但是根据沟口雄三的阅读,这些解放策略并不成功。沟口尝试了一种从中国历史基体出发,并用一种他称之为为了中国,而对日本加以“异别化”的解放策略,使他取得进出中国的能力,也就等于取得了进出日本的能力。但因为他并没有解决历史基体的范围如何界定的问题,使他不能断定如何才算是为了中国,才算是赋予中国主体性,则任何人的行动都有可能视作为了中国,这时他的解放策略就失效了。

Japanese Sinologists are confronted by two questions:whether Europe and America should be resisted and whether China should be excluded.Four research perspectives on China studies in relation to these two issues are put forward,represented by Shiratori Kurakichi,Naito Konan,Tsuda Soukichi and Takeuchi Yoshimi respectively.They each pursued emancipation from a humble status,but according to Youzou Mizouguchi,all failed.Mizouguchi himself attempted to use a new strategy of starting from the historical base of China and doing what he called “alienating” Japan for the sake of China.This enabled him to move freely in and out of China,which meant moving freely in and out of Japan as well.But his failure to define the scope of historical base meant that he was unable to decide what counted as being for the sake of China and what counted as endowing China with subjectivity,so that anybody's actions could be seen as being for the sake of China.At this time his emancipation strategy also failed.