世居高原自行车运动员更高海拔训练机能状态的研究

Study on State of Native Plateau Cyclist Training on Higher Altitude

世居高原运动员有较好的耐缺氧能力,为探讨他们上到更高高原训练身体机能状态变化的规律,对13名世居昆明(1890m)的男、女自行车运动员到更高海拔地香格里拉(3200m)的训练进行研究,分析训练安排、运动员身体机能变化以评价训练效果。研究表明,世居高原运动员更高高原训练的安排基本与平原运动员高原训练一致;更高海拔训练时,在合理的训练安排下,运动员的尿常规、血红蛋白、血清肌酸激酶、血尿素、血乳酸等指标随训练负荷的变化在正常范围内波动,与平原运动员的高原训练变化规律基本相同;高原训练过程中,运动员红细胞和血清睾酮水平先升后降,训练后较之前有上升,白细胞趋于下降,可能是高原缺氧和训练安排的综合影响造成。结论世居高原自行车运动员已经适应高原环境,上更高海拔训练是承受更大缺氧刺激,提高机体机能水平的有效方法;经过多次更高海拔的训练,自行车运动员的缺氧适应会逐渐提高。建议以后的实践中大胆增加运动负荷,以期取得更好的训练效果。

The native plateau cyclist had better capacity of anti--hypoxia. In order to discuss their higher altitude training and changing pattern of their body function, thirteen male and female native plateau cyclist （living at 1890 m） were made training at higher altitude Singarila at 3200 m. The training arrangement and cyclist＇s body function change was evaluated. The result showed that native plateau cyclist training plan was the same with that of normal cyclist at altitude training. At the higher altitude training and under the rational training load, the urine, hemoglobin, creatine,kinase, blood urea nitrogen, blood lactic acid fluctuated at the normal range. The level of red blood ceil and total testosterone was increased first and then dropped during the altitude training, while the blood cell level tended to decline because of hypoxia and training arrangement at altitude. It concluded that Native plateau cyclist had been adapted to the living environment. It was an effective way to go higher altitude to promote physical fitness through getting more stimulation of hypoxia. For the purpose of gaining much more effects, we should increase training load,and the capacity of anti-hypoxia was increased through altitude training for several times.