1Chibli Mallat, The Renewal of Islamic Law, Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 58.
2See Chibli Mallat, op. cit. , p. 70.
3Chihli Mallat, op. cit. , p. 76.
4Ibid, p. 72.
5Ihid, p. 71.
6Chibli Mallat, op. cit., p. 114.
7Ibid, p. 115.
8Homa Katouzian, "Shi'ism and Islamic Economics: Sadr and Bani Sadr", in Nikki R. Keddie ed. , Religion and politics in Iran: Shi'ism from Quietism to Revolution, Yale University, 1983,p. 146.
2Heinz Halm, Shi'ism, Janet Watson, trans., Edinburg: Edinburg University Press, 1991, p. 114.
3Abdul-Hadi Haiti, Shi'ism and Constitutionalism in Iran: A Study of the Role Played by the Persian Residents of lraq in Iranian Politics, Leiden: Brill, 1977.
4Shahrough Akhavi, Religion and Politics in Contemporary lran." Clergy-State Relations in the Pahlavi Period, Albany : State University of New York Press, 1980, p. 63.
5Silvia Naef, "Shi'i-shuyui or: How to Become a Communist in a Holy City " in Rainer Brunner and Werner Ende, eds., The Twelver Shia in Modern Times: Religious Culture and Political Culture, Leiden: Brill, 2001, p. 266.
6Yitzhak Nakash, The Shi'is oflraq, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994, pp. 254, 259.
7Silvia Naef, "Shi'i-shuyui or: How to Become a Communist in a Holy City," pp. 256, 261-263.
8Chibli Mallat, "Iran, Shi'ism, and the Arab Middle East," in Makoto Mizutani, ed., The Middle East in- to the 21 Century, Reading: Garnet Publishing Limited, 1996, p. 149.
9Yitzhak Nakash, The Shi'is oflraq, pp. 267-268.
10Sabrina Mervin, "The Clerics of Jabal Amil and the Reform of Religious Teaching in Najaf since the Beginning of the 20th Century," in Rainer Brunner and Werner Ende, eds., The Twelver Shia in Modem Times: Re- ligious Culture and Political Culture, Leiden: Brill, 2001, p. 83.
