耐盐性高吸水树脂的反相悬浮制备过程及其结构表征

Process and structure characterization of salt-tolerable super absorbent polymer prepared by inversed phase suspension polymerization

采用反相悬浮法合成耐盐性高吸水丙烯酸盐共聚物P(KAA-AM-NAM),研究了分散剂种类和用量、共聚单体配比等因素对聚合过程及产物吸水性的影响。利用电导、像衬光学显微镜对反相悬浮聚合反应过程进行了研究,用红外和热重分析对树脂的分子结构和热稳定性进行了表征。结果表明:以TX-10磷酸酯为分散剂,TX-10磷酸酯质量分数5.88%,N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺质量分数为3.6%时,反应过程稳定,树脂具有较大吸液率。反相悬浮聚合体系反应过程是由油包水到油水连续相互相贯穿,最后到水凝胶和油相共存的状态。红外光谱显示树脂中存在大量亲水基团,热分析知其热分解温度约420℃,热稳定性良好。

Super absorbent poly （potassium acrylate - acrylamide - N - hydroxymethyl acrylamide） was synthesized by inversed suspension polymerization. The effects of factors that influence the polymerization process and the water - absorption capability of product, such as kind and dosage of dispersing agents, ratio between the monomers in the co - polymerization process et al were studied. The inversed suspension co - polymerization process was studied by electroconductivity data analysis and microscope observation, and the molecular structure, thermal stability of the product were characterized by FTIR and TG respectively. The experiment results showed that under the conditions that using TX- 10 phosphate as dispersing agent with a dosage of 5.88 （ w/% ） and the ratio of N - hydroxymethyl acrylamide of 3.6 （ w/% ）, the polymerization process is in a stable state. The system changes from a state of W/O phase to a state of both continuous water and oil phases with mutual penetration, and finally to a state of water gel co - existing with oil phase. FTIR data showed that the polymer has a big amount of hydrophilic groups and the product has a big liquid absorption capability. TG data showed that the product has good thermal stability. Its thermal decomposition temperature is about 420 ℃.