中国棉花生产县域比较优势分析

Study of Comparative Advantage of Cotton Producting Counties in China

在前人研究种植业比较优势的基础上,利用1997-1999年的全国2000多个县市的生产统计资料,以单产优势指数、集中度优势指数、综合优势指数分析了我国各县市棉花生产比较优势状况,并通过GIS软件Arcview在1∶4000000的地图上进行空间表达。分析结果表明:我国棉花生产在单产、集中度、综合反映上具有比较优势的县市分别有665个、428个、426个。总体来说,单产比较优势县区主要分布在新疆和河西走廊的部分县区,其它均集中分布于我国东部地区,优势最高区主要在新疆;集中度比较优势与综合比较优势县区的分布大致相同,集中于新疆和河西走廊的几个县区,山东西北和河北的东南,河南东部,安徽大部,江苏东部、湖北东部以及相邻的河南西南盆地,其中新疆、河南的集中度和综合优势县区最多且总体优势度最高。

Based on the previous research on comparative advantage of crops, the unit yield, concentrated extent and integrated comparative advantage index were calculated from the data of more than 2000 counties nationwide in cotton production between 1997 and 1999. The information illustrated the distribution of comparative advantage of cotton production in China. The various comparative advantage category of the counties was expressed visually on the 1 ： 4000000 scale map with Arcview, a GIS software. It indicated that there were 665 counties of comparative advantage in unit yield, 428 in concentrated extent and 426 in integrated advantage. The countries of unit yield comparative advantage were distributed primarily over Xinjiang, the neighboring part of Gansu and Inner Mongolia. The others were concentrated in the east. The regions of high value of unit yield comparative advantage index were mainly located in Xinjiang,Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei and Shangdong, orderly. The distribution of concentrated extent comparative advantage counties was similar to those in integration, and it was more concentrated in region compared with that of the unit yield one. It indicated that the difference of advantage was mostly caused by the different plant area, but little by the unit yield. The countries of concentrated extent and integrated comparative advantage were concentrated in Xinjiang, the neighboring part of Gansu and Inner Mongolia. They were also scattered around northwest of Shandong, southeast of Hebei, east of Henan, Anhui, east of Jiangsu, east of Hubei and the southwest of Henan. Henan had the higher number of the concentrated extent and integrated comparative advantage countries, but lower value of the two advantage indexes. The region of the highest value was in Xinjiang, especially in the south edge of the Junggar Basin and the north edge of the Tarim Basin.