不同品种类型花生精播肥料与密度的产量效应及优化配置研究

Yield effect and optimized-measure combination of N fertilizer and plant density for different peanut variety types under single-seed planting

采用二次饱和D-最优设计建立了精播条件下不同类型花生品种N肥用t和密度与产t的教学模型，探讨肥料与密度的产量效应及优化配置。分析表明：（1）大花生花育22号在产量潜力、最优措施组合方面与小花生鲁花12号有一定差异。花育22号最高产量可达到6498．6kg／hm^2，最优措施组合为：N肥115．8kg／hm^2＋密度20．9万株脯；鲁花12号最高产量可达到5792．9kg／hm^2，最优措施组合为：N肥101．9kg／hm^2＋密度22．2万株。（2）大花生对肥料更为敏感，而小花生对密度反应更为强烈。当N肥用t和密度低于最优组合值时，N肥每增加1kg，花育22号平均增产18．2kg，比鲁花12号高6．3kg；密度每增加1万株，鲁花12号平均增产92．3kg，比花育22号高24．5kg。因此，小花生精播更要注意发挥密度的增产作用。（3）大花生产量在5000kg／hm^2以上的措施组合为：N肥109．0～156．2kg／hm^2，密度17．5-25．7万株／hm^2；小花生鲁花12号产t在4000kg／hm^2以上的措施组合为：N肥86．6～147．2kg／hm^2，密度18．5～25．8万株／hm^2。

Mathematic models between yield and N fertilizer and plant density for two peanut variety types were set up by using quadratic saturation D-optimization design under single-seed planting. Results in analysis of the models showed： （1） there were some differences in yield potential and optimized-measures combination between big-pod variety Huayu 22 and small-pod variety Luhua 12. The maximum yield of Huayu 22 was 6 498.6 kg/hm^2 with the optimized-measures combination of 115.8 kg N/hm^2 ＋ 2.09 × 10^5 plants/hm^2, while the maximum yield of Luhua 12 was only 5 792.9 kg/hm^2 with the optimized-measures combination of 101.9 kg N/hm^2 ＋ 2.22 × 10^5 plants/hm^2. （2） The big-pod variety Huayu 22 was more sensitive to N rate, while the small-pod variety was more sensitive to plant density. When the N rate applied was under the optimized amount, every kg N could averagely increase 18.2 kg pod for Huayu 22, which is 6.3 kg higher than that for Luhua 12; when the plant number was under the optimized density, each increase of 10 thousand plants could averagely increase 92.3 kg pod for Luhua 12, which is 24.5 kg higher than that for Huayu 22. So to get high yield for small-pod variety more attention should be paid to plant density. （3） A measures combination for Huayu 22 was 109.0- 156.2 kg N/hm^2 ＋ 1.75 -2.57 × 10^5 plants/hm^2 to get a yield above 5 000 kg/hm^2, and for Luhua 12 was 86.6- 147.2 kg N/hm^2 ＋ 1.85-2.58 × 10^5 plants/hm^2 to get a yield above 4 000 kg/hm^2 .