生态系统地震灾害及其深层机制

Earthquake Disaster of Ecosystem and its Mechanism

所有地震时空、强度对人及人类破坏的复杂性可以贯穿到各个层次的生态系统中体现出来,这样地震给人类带来的空间和时间的全面灾害即可用生态系统地震灾害来进行描述。以人类为核心,按照构成生态系统的主体和环境因子的不同,可将生态系统由内向外、逐层包容地划分成社会生态系统、环境生态系统和自然生态系统三个层次类型。在社会生态系统震害中,人类的能动作用居于主导的地位,在环境生态系统震害中,人类的能动作用居于协调的位置,在自然生态系统震害中,人类的能动作用处于服从的地位。整体上来看,生态系统震害具有四个一般特征,即连发性、群发性、长程关联性和影响长期性。蕴震体及地球岩石部分本身就具有自组织、自适应和自相似即自复制类生命体特征,因而具有网络性。因而从生态系统角度研究可以发现,地震灾害与多种灾害之间构成了一个整体的联系,这就是生态系统震害的深层机制,称之为网络性机制。地震灾害的宏观过程是地震作用于人类生存的生态环境(天然生态环境和人工生态环境)从而危及人与社会并形成灾害,震害是由多种相互关联的要素所构成的复杂系统。

The complexity of destruction to the human being caused by the earthquake will be noticed from all aspects of the ecological system, and the earthquake disaster over space and time to the human being can be described by its influence to the ecological system. Taking the human being as the center, according to the difference of environmental factors within the ecological system, the ecological system can be divided into three levels： social, environmental and natural ecosystem from the inner to the outer. As for their special features, man＇s initiative takes leading position in han- dling the earthquake disaster in the social ecosystem, it takes a coordinative role in the environmental ecosystem, and as an obedient position in that of natural ecosystem. Generally speaking, the earthquake disaster in the ecological system are characterized in four aspects, i. e. , successive, massive, long-term conjunction and influence. The preparatory process of earthquake are characterized with self- organizing, adaptation and similarity by their-own, furthermore, it is capable to copy life-similar bodies, therefore, it has the feature of network system. From＇ the ecological system point of view, earthquake disaster has an overall connection to other disasters, and this is called as the indepth mechanism or the network system. The macro-process of the earthquake disaster depicts its impact to the ecological system of the human being （natural and man-made ecosystems）, so the earthquake disaster is involved in a complicated and multi-factor system.