二战后美国华人的就业特征及成因

Characteristics and Conditioning Factors of Employment of Contemporary Chinese-Americans

二战后美国移民政策的调整特别是《1965年移民法》的实施为华人移民美国提供了良好的条件,美国华人社会也发生了深刻变化:学历构成有所提高,来源结构更加丰富,性别比例日趋平衡;在就业市场上,职业层次空前提升,地域上的分散化趋势有所加强,华人社会内部就业的多样性特点也日趋明显。但作为外来移民,华人仍面临种族歧视、语言障碍等诸多困难。

Since the end of World War Two, changes in the U.S. immigration policy increase quotas based on the country of birth and lead to a rapid surge of Chinese immigration, which fundamentally transforms China Towns in many U.S. cities that find expressions in ecological, educational, and original structure of Chinese communities. These new changes in turn bring about the increase in employment structure characterized as high proportions in professional and managerial jobs, decrease in manual work, regional decentral, ization, prosperity of ethnic business and diversification in Chinese- American labor market. However, racial discrimination, illegal immigrants, citizenships and geographical locations etc. respectively function as handicaps for Chinese immigrants in their integration into the mainstream society in future.