某矿区煤矸石堆周围土壤重金属污染特征研究

Study on Heavy Metal Pollution of Soil nearby Coal Gangue Dump in a Coal Mining Area

通过对某矿区所属两煤矿的矸石堆及周围土壤Cr，Cu，Pb，Zn元素总量进行测定及分析评价，结果表明：两煤矿矸石中4种重金属含量均高于当地背景值（除煤矿B的Cu元素外），煤矸石堆放使周围土壤受到了不同程度的污染，未受到Cu污染；煤矿A因采矿历史较长，比煤矿B土壤各重金属污染严重；两煤矿下风向区域（西北）重金属污染比上风向区域严重。表层土壤的重金属污染程度受到多种因素（尤其是风向）的影响，在东南与西北方向均随着距矸石堆距离的增大而呈现减小的趋势；在剖面上（0～50cm），重金属元素含量均随着土壤深度的增加而呈现降低的趋势。

Heavy metals including Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn of soil nearby coal gangue dump in a coal mining area were tested and analyzed. The results show that the contents of four heavy metals in coal gangue of two mines are higher than the local background concentration, except Cu in Mine B, the gangue pile causes surrounding soil to be polluted in a varying degree by the heavy metals, but not polluted by Cu: the heavy metal pollution of soil in Mine A is more serious than Mine B because of the longer mining history of Mine A; the heavy metal pollution in downwind area (at northwest) of two mines is more serious that in upwind area. The heavy metal pollution degree of topsoil is mostly affected by several factors, especially the wind direction, the pollution of topsoil at southeast and northwest has a trend that the farther from the pile, the weaker the pollution is. The main factor affecting the movement of heavy metals in topsoil is the prevailing wind. In profile (0-50cm), the heavy metal pollution has a trend that the deeper from the topsoil, the weaker the pollution is.