水文学的发展及其所面临的若干前沿科学问题

Advances in hydrology and some frontier problems

通过回顾水文学的发展史,指出客观上总是存在着两条相辅相成、互相促进、不断提高的水文学发展轨迹。通过归纳水文学已取得的主要学术成就,认为物理学的渗透和本构关系的揭示是水文学理论进步的重要条件。当今水文学面临的若干困惑,主要来自对其本构关系的研究相对薄弱,由此凝炼出水文学的前沿科学问题主要是:非线性问题、尺度转换问题、空间变异性问题、坡面流速问题、确定性与随机性互补问题、水文时间序列长期演变规律问题、“异参同效”问题、预测模型问题、时空探源问题和误差问题等。加强或重视对这些前沿科学问题的研究,将会有力地促进水文学的理论和应用水平不断提高。

Based on a review of some advances in hydrology and main achievements from the research, it is pointed out that there are two development lines in the research, which supplement each other, and it is considered that the introduction of physics and the revealing of the constitutive relationship in the research provide important conditions for the development of hydrological theory. At present, the research on hydrology is facing with some difficulties, mainly coming from the relatively weak research on the constitutive relationship. The main problems lay on the non-linearity, scale transformation, spatial variability, velocity of overland flow, complementation between determinacy and randomness, long-term change of hydrology time series, ＂equifinality for different parameter＂, prediction model, spatio-temporal origin of water resources, and error analysis. Paying much attention to these problems will greatly promote the development of hydrological theories and improve the level of their application.