S波段高功率微波对眼组织结构和功能影响的实验研究

Experimental Research of the Effects on Rat Eye Structure and Function Induced by S-band High-power Microwave Irradiation

目的：研究5mW／cm^2的S波段高功率微波（high—power microwave，HPM）对动物眼的组织结构和功能的影响，为我国高功率微波安全防护标准的制定提供参考。方法：S波段HPM模拟源以远场平面波（平均功率5mw／cm^2）分三种不同的峰值功率（G1、G2、G3组）进行单次照射，并在照后7个时间点，通过眼底镜、裂隙灯观察、视网膜电图测定、组织病理学等方法研究HPM对动物的角膜、晶状体、视网膜等眼重要部位的结构与功能的影响。结果：HPM照射后角膜表面平滑无异常，未见混浊、粗糙等病理现象发生；晶状体在观察期内无肉眼可见的晶状体混浊。实质和晶状体后囊和玻璃体无异常；照射后即刻动物眼底动静脉和毛细血管稍有扩张充血，并于1天～3天后恢复正常表现；病理染色显示G1和G2组照后1天视网膜内外节排列稍有紊乱，照后3天～7天内恢复；G3组稍重，可见外核层细胞排列松散，于照后7天～14天后亦恢复正常；视网膜电图显示与照前相比，三组在照后1天的视网膜电图都有所降低，但3天后恢复正常，直至照后28天无明显改变。结论：5mW／cm^2的S波段HPM单次照射对角膜、晶状体和玻璃体等部位不能造成损伤，视网膜在照后有轻微病理变化，但很快可以恢复。大鼠眼视功能在照后可出现暂时但可逆性的下降。此剂量范围的HPM照射对眼组织结构和功能无显著影响。

Objective： This study is to observe the bioeffects of the S wave band high-power microwave （ HPM ） on established animal model eyes and provide safety referrence for safety protection of microwave irradiation..Methods： Three different peak value powers were used in this study. After the HMP exposure, naked eye observation and examination with slit-lamp, funduscope, electroretinograms （ERG） and histopathology were carried out at 7 time points to study the effects of HPM on structure and function of ocular organs, such as cornea, lens and retina. Results： After the HPM exposure, lesions were not observed on the corneal surface and the posterior cortex of lens. Degenerative changes of slight degrees occurred in the photo receptor outer segments , inner segments and the outer nuclear layer post irradiation, however, which recovered in one week. In all three groups, the b-wave amplitude of ERG show a temporary statistic difference 1 day after exposure and resume natural level after 2 days. Conclusion： 5 mW/cm^2 HPM exposure at single irradiation, despite the different peak value power, could not injure the structure of rat cornea and lens. However, the retina show some mild but reversible structural and electrophysiological changes. The restoration time depends on the peak power level to a certain extent.