骨髓基质干细胞自体移植治疗心肌梗死的研究进展

The development of autologous mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in the treatment of myocardial infarction

骨髓基质干细胞(MSC)具有良好的分化潜能,能分化为心肌细胞和血管内皮细胞,从而再生心肌和血管,重塑心肌结构,改善心肌收缩功能和室壁顺应性,促进血管再生,建立有效冠脉侧枝循环,提高心脏整体功能,既改善了血供又解决心肌细胞数量减少这一心力衰竭的根本原因;而自体移植不受来源限制,取材方便、创伤小,更新率低而代谢活力高,由其分化来的心肌细胞能与周围受体肌肉细胞进行有效的电机械偶合,容易通过转基因技术获得目标基因并在体内外长期表达,也不存在免疫排斥和基因突变等安全性问题,因此作为心肌梗死(MI)疾病治疗的新途径有着广阔的前景。现就近年来国内外MSC自体移植在治疗MI方面的研究进展作一综述。

The mesenchymal stem cell （MSC） has a powerful differentiation potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and vascular endothelial cells. This makes it possible for the myocardial and blood vessels to regenerate, myocardial structural to remodel, the myocardial contractile function and ventricular compliance to be, improved. Moreover, angiogenesis is promoted, effective coronary collateral circulation is established to improve the cardiac function, the blood supplement is increased and the decreasing of the cardiomyocytes number is stopped which is the ultimate reason leading to heart failure. The source of autologous transplantation is unlimited, getting materials is easy, the trauma is small, the metabolic activity is high and the rate of renewal is low. The cardiomyocytes differentiated from the MSC have an effective electro-mechanical coupling with the peripheral receptor cells. Together with transgenic technology MSC makes the target gene express easily in vivo and in vitro for a long time. There are no immune rejection, gene mutation or other safety problems after MSC transplantation. So it is a new way to treat myocardial infarction with autologous MSC transplantation and it has bright prospects. In this review, the development of autologous MSC transplantation in the treatment of myocardial infarction is summarized.