植物病原真菌侵染结构研究进展

Advances on Infection Structures of Plant Pathogenic Fungi

对植物病原真菌侵染结构的研究近年愈受重视。笔者对植物病原真菌侵染结构的形成及其与寄主的互作关系进行了综述。病原真菌通常会产生侵染垫、附着胞和吸器等侵染结构来完成侵染寄主的过程。附着胞及其相伴形成的黑色素对病原真菌的侵染能力至关重要,其受遗传基因的控制,并受寄主表面结构、温度、pH值等环境因素的影响。吸器不仅是病原真菌吸收寄主营养的器官,也是寄主和病原真菌进行信息交换的区域。吸器外膜源于寄主质膜,但其结构和功能不同于寄主质膜,病原真菌与寄主的互作直接导致吸器超微结构的变化。研究植物病原真菌的侵染结构及其侵染机理,对植物侵染性病害的防治具有重要的参考价值。

More and more researches about infection structures had been carried out in recent years. Some plant pathogenic fungi could produce infection cushion, appressorium and haustorium to finish infection processes,and their formation and development were very important to plant diseases occurring. Appressorium and associated melanin were critical to penetration, and their formation was controlled by genes, also influenced by such environmental factors as plant surface structures, temperature and pH. Haustorium was not only the organ for nutrient uptakes, but also the area for information exchange between plants and fungi. Extrahaustorial membrane（EHM） was from plant plasma membrane（PM）, but their structure and function were different. The interaction between plants and fungi directly led to the ultrastructural changes of haustorium. Research of infection structures and their infection mechanism is significant to prevent and cure the plant diseases in theory and practice.