昆嵛山典型植物群落生态学特性

Ecological characteristics of typical plant communities in Kunyu Mountain.

在群落调查的基础上,采用优势度、丰富度、物种多样性、均匀度和种间相遇几率几个指标,对昆嵛山主要的天然植物群落和人工植物群落的生态学特性进行研究。结果表明不同植被类型中,灌草层物种数不同,物种的优势度和占优势的物种也各不相同;表征群落生态学特性的各个指数之间有很强的相关性,其中Shannon-Wiener指数H与其它指数的相关性最高;在以H为代表的不同层次多样性的比较中发现,不同植被类型,灌木层和草本层多样性的关系不同,但它们的平均值趋于稳定,即灌木层和草本层的物种多样性有很强的互补性;同一植被类型的不同群落间由于环境的异质性,多样性往往也不同;天然或者人工抚育强度小的4种植被类型比较,灌草层物种多样性的顺序是杂木林>赤松林>黑松林>麻栎林,在赤松林和黑松林中加入人工管理或者人工管理加强以后则变为黑松林>赤松林>杂木林>麻栎林,同时,黑松林和赤松林中乔木层的生长也受到了很大的影响,中度干扰理论在其中起了重要的作用,综合看来,对赤松林的管理达到了中度干扰的水平,而对黑松林的管理则有些过度。

The investigation on the ecological characteristics of natural and artificial plant communities in Kunyu Mountain showed that the species number, species dominance, and dominant species in both shrub and herbage layers differed with vegetation type. There was a strong correlation among the indices characterizing the community ecological characteristics, of which, Shannon-Wiener （H）index had the closest correlation to others. The comparison of the species diversity in different layers with H value as an indicator indicated that the relations between the species diversity of shrub and herbage layers varied with vegetation type, but the average H value tended to be stable, suggesting that there was an inter-complementary relationship between the shrub and herbage layers species diversity. Owing to the heterogeneity of the environment, different communities belonging to the same vegetation type always had different species diversity. The species diversity of shrub layer and herbage layer was in the order of shaw 〉 P. densiflora forest 〉 P. thunbergii forest 〉 Quercus acutissima forest when the plant communities were natural or less managed, but P. thunbergii forest 〉 P. densiflora forest 〉 shaw 〉 Q. acutissima forest after the P. densiflora and P. thunbergii forests were managed. The growth of arbor layer was inhibited in P. thunbergii and P. densiflora forests, which was in accordance with the theory of ＂moderate disturbance＂. In general, the management of P. densiflora forest achieved moderate disturbance level, while that of P. thunbergii forest was excessive.