海南外来杂草——假臭草群落生态位特征研究

Niche Characteristics of Eupatorium catarium Community in Hainan

基于对海南儋州地区假臭草群落的调查,应用辛普森和香农指数测定了该地区不同生境类型的假臭草群落的生物多样性;并以各种杂草的重要值作为生态位计算的资源状态指标,应用Levins公式和Pianka公式计算分析了该地区假臭草群落各物种的生态位宽度和生态位重叠。结果表明:(1)林下假臭草群落的多样性指数最低,其次为公路边和荒地。假臭草在公路边的优势度最大,说明其最容易入侵的生境是公路边。(2)假臭草的生态位宽度较大,而且与其他物种在生态位上都存在重叠,说明假臭草对环境的适应能力较强,很容易与其他物种发生竞争。(3)假臭草群落中含羞草的生态位宽度也较大,表明含羞草在该群落中也具有较强的侵入性。

Based on the data collected from 8 plots and using Shannon and Simpson index, this paper calculated and analyzed diversity of Eupatorium catarium community in Hainan. And, niche breadth and niche overlap of E. catarium community were analyzed by using Levins and Pianka formulae. The results were as follows： （1）The diversity of E. catarium community under forest stands was the lowest, then followed by that of the roadside and wasteland. The highest dominance of E. catarium community on the roadside indicated that roadside was more easily for E. catarium to invade. （2） The widest niche breadth of E. catarium dropped a hint that it could survived in any environment and easily compete with other species in the community. （3）Surprisingly Mimosa pudica also had a very wide niche overlap to invade.