复杂自然环境时空定量信息的获取与融合处理的理论与应用

Theory and Application for Retrieval and Fusion of Spatial and Temporal Quantitative Information from Complex Natural Environment

从理论、方法与应用实现三方面,对国家“973”项目“复杂自然环境时空定量信息的获取与融合处理的理论与应用”在地球信息科学领域中的研究进展作一个概述。在遥感机制与信息理论上,以合成孔径雷达(SAR)研究为背景,发展全极化散射与SAR成像信息理论;以微波辐射遥感为背景,发展非均匀自然介质矢量辐射传输(VRT)理论。在这基础上,开展在轨业务与试验遥感卫星在多类陆地地表和大气遥感数据验证的方法与算法的研究。结合遥感、辐射传输、地理信息系统、中国陆面水文过程、数据同化技术,建立一个中国陆地水环境数据同化系统(CLDAS);针对我国未来气象卫星的发展,由在轨SSM/I、AMSU、MTI等遥感卫星数据、结合地面台站实测与探空等工作,形成了星载微波大气三水(降水、水汽、云水)反演与气象卫星数据业务算法与数据库;针对我国SAR技术的发展,由ERS、RADARSAT等SAR数据图像的应用研究,形成SAR-INSAR多类应用技术研究与软件遥感应用平台。同时,结合多源信息融合理论方法与环境中目标跟踪实验与仿真,发展了目标与环境复合建模与特性数值仿真、开展了沿海区域异常大气结构中波传播实验等研究。

Research progress of National Major Basic Research Project 2001CB309400, ＂ lheory and Application for Retrieval and Fusion of Spatial and Temporal Quantitative Information from Complex Natural Environment＂, is briefly reported. Due to fast advancement of SAR （ Synthetic Aperture Radar） imagery technology, information theory of fully polarimetric scattering and applications in polarimetric SAR remote sensing are developed. Microwave passive remote sensing promotes the study of Vector （polarized） Radiative Transfer （VRT） theory of complex natural media. An overall VRT theory for inhomogeneous, multi-layered and 3-dimensional VRT is developed. Based on these theoretical progresses, data validation and retrieval algorithms for some typical events and characteristic parameters of Earth terrain surfaces, atmosphere and ocean from operational and experimental remote sensing satellites are carried out. Employing remote sensing, radiative transfer simulation, GIS, land hydrological process and data assimilation, Chinese Land Dada Assimilation System （CLDAS） is established. Towards future development of China＇ s meterologic satellites, employing remote sensing data of currently available SSM/I, AM- SU, MTI etc. with ground based measurements, several operational algorithms and dada bases for atmospheric precipitation, water vapor and liquid water in clouds, and other meterologic/hydrological applications are developed. To promote China＇ s SAR and InSAR technologies, image processing and analysis of ERS, Radarsat SAR etc. and Chinese SAR, and the software platforms are accomplished. Based on research of multi-information fusion, identification and information extraction of targets from complex background scene are also studied, and some experiments of radio wave propagation in anomalous atmospheric status are carried out.