富含γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的巨胚功能稻研究进展

Research Progress in Giant-embryo Functional Rice Rich in Gamma-amino Butyric Acid(GABA)

富含γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)的巨胚稻米具有降血压、治疗癫痫病等功效,是水稻品质改良的研究热点之一。通过诱变和杂交转育技术,已经育成了“Haim inori”、“巨胚1号”、“6601”、“W 025”、“伽马-1”、“龙特浦geA”和“98-14geA”等10余个巨胚水稻品种(系),并摸索出了巨胚稻的栽培调控管理措施。经高效液相色谱(HPLC)及氨基酸组成分析,富集后巨胚稻米的GABA含量达到3500-4000mg/100g,其它许多营养成分也比普通稻米高。水稻巨胚受一隐性基因控制,控制稻米巨胚的3个等位基因gem、ge、ges已被定位在水稻第7染色体上,多个与胚大小有关的QTL也被检测。对巨胚稻米GABA的富集条件、加工工艺、市场开发前景也进行了综述。

Giant - embryo rice, rich in gamma - amino butyric acid （GABA）, has the function of reducing blood pressure, curing epileptic and so on, is a hotspot in rice quality improvement breeding. Several giant - embryo rice varieties or lines such as Haiminori, Giant -embryo No. 1,6601, W025, Gama - 1, TgeA and 98 - 14geA were selected by mutant or cross intregression. The cultivated measures for giant -embryo rice were explored. GABA content increased to approximately 3500 -4000mg/100g in giant -embryo germinated brown rice determined with HPLC and amino acid analyzer. Results revealed that the trait of giant - embryo was genetically controlled by a pair of recessive genes, three alleles （ge^m, ge, ge^s ） were located on chromosome 7, and seversl QTLs associated with embryo size had been conducted. The GABA enrichment conditions, processing technolngy and foreground development of market of giant -embryo brown rice were also summarized.