伪装识别技术的研究进展

Technical Development of Detecting Deception

测谎仪作为传统的测谎手段,试图通过人体外周局部植物神经反应的变化进行测谎,有一定的局限性。测谎仪的可靠性在很大程度上还决定于与仪器无关的因素,因此受到了最多的关注和质疑。事件相关电位(ERPs)尽管具有很高的测谎特异性和时间分辨率,可监测大脑的即时认知过程和电活动,但其空间分辨率差。大脑功能核磁共振成像(fMRI)可直接观察大脑的功能变化,具有良好的空间分辨率,但这项技术时间分辨率差,只能记录说谎后大脑变化的最终结果,目前该技术仍然处于基础研究阶段。在涉及伪装精神病和伪装认知损害相关诈病的司法心理学实际运用中,心理测试技术得到了更多的应用和研究。

Polygraph, as a traditional lie detector, is used to detect lies by some changes of human peripheral neuro-vegetative responses. The reliability of this technique, which depends on some other none-instrumental factors to a great extent, has drawn lots of attention and question. Event related potentials （ERPs） have good specificity and time resolution and can monitor instant cognitive processing and brain electric activity. However, its space resolution is poorer than brain function nuclear magnetic resonance imaging （fMRI） relatively. Brain fMRI can show the brain functional changes directly. It has good space resolution but bad time resolution, and all images of fMRI are just the final results of brain changes after lying. So, fMRI technique for detecting deception is still in the basic research phase at present. Contrary to other techniques, psychometrics has been used and studied more in detecting deception or malingery in practice.