直接碳燃料电池技术研究进展分析

An Analysis of Technical Research Advances in Direct Carbon Fuel Cell Technology

直接碳燃料电池(Direct Carbon Fuel Cell,DCFC)能够直接将固体碳燃料中的化学能高效、清洁地转化为电能,对煤炭的合理利用、污染物控制以及CO2减排具有重要意义。目前已开发出以熔融碳酸盐、熔融氢氧化物和固体氧化物作为电解质的多种DCFC,但与其它燃料电池技术相比,研究尚处于起步阶段。本文综述了DCFC技术的发展历程及研发现状,对现有DCFC加以分类,分析比较了其各自工作机理、性能特点以及在CO2减排方面的特性。在总结各类DCFC所面临的技术难题基础上,展望了直接碳燃料电池技术今后可能的发展方向。

Direct carbon fuel cells(DCFC) can directly transform the chemical energy inside a solid carbon fuel to electrical energy cleanly and efficiently.They are of major significance for rational utilization of coal,control of pollutants and reduction of CO2 emissions.To date,several kinds of DCFC have been developed with fusible carbonate,fusible hydrate and solid oxide serving as an electrolyte. However,compared with other fuel cell technologies,the research on DCFC technology is still in its infancy.A survey of the development course of the DCFC technology and status quo of its research are given along with a classification of the DCFC now available.Analyzed and compared also are their working mechanism and performance features as well as CO2 emissions reduction characteristics.Moreover,on the basis of summarizing various technically intractable problems,a forecast of the possible future development trend of the DCFC technology is also given.