论国民政府“苦撑待变”外交战略

On the Chinese Nationalist Government's Diplomatic Strategy of "Holding on while Waiting for the Situation to Change"

“苦撑待变”是太平洋战争爆发前国民政府的抗日外交战略。一般认为,该战略是在全面抗战爆发后提出的,其特征是消极待援。本文认为,“苦撑待变”战略是在全面抗战前数年就产生的。它的提出是国民政府对中国国情与国际地位、对日本侵略野心和国际形势演变趋势正确判断的必然产物。中国政府为实施这一外交战略,进行了积极的外交活动,这主要表现在进行舆论宣传、努力争取外援、呼吁制裁侵略及反对妥协和倡议反侵略国家进行合作等方面。“苦撑待变”的实质是积极促进国际形势朝向有利于中国的方向演变,而非一味消极待变。苦撑待变战略的实施,使中国赢得了国际社会的尊重,促成了国际形势的演变,因而是成功的外交战略。

The principle of ＂holding on while waiting for the situation to change＂ is generally considered to have been the Nationalist Government＇s Anti - Japanese diplomatic strategy pursued before the outbreak of the pacific war. Many scholars think that this diplomatic strategy was put forward after the outbreak of the general war and that the strategy was characterized by passive waiting for foreign help. In fact, this strategy was put across before the outbreak of the general war . The Nationalist Government did a series of positive diplomatic actives to practice this strategy, such as propagating, striving for the foreign aids, objecting to the compromise at the expense of China between the powers and Japan and insisting on developing a world anti - aggression alliance . The essence of this diplomatic strategy is not passively waiting for aids, but to promote positively the change of the international situation which would benefit to china. Considering the effects of the strategy, it is successive.