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4Pamela Shoemaker and Stephen Reese,Mediating the Message:Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content (White Plains,NY:Longman Publishing Group,1991).
5Robert M.Entman,Democrecy Without Citizens:Media and the Decay of Ameriean Politics (New York,NY:Oxford University Press,1989).
6Neil Postman and Steve Powers,How to Watch TV News(New Youd,NY:Penguin Books,1992).
7D.S.Department of Jastice.Buteau of Justice Statisties:Criminal Offenders Statistics,2001,available online at http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov.
