广州市562例狂犬病疫苗免疫者流行病学调查

Epidemiological survey of 562 patients immunized with rabies vaccine in Guangzhou City.

目的了解广州市狂犬病疫苗免疫者和伤人动物的情况,为制定防治策略提供依据。方法采用统一调查问卷,由经过培训的护士,在知情同意下进行一对一面对面询问调查。结果共调查562人,男性263人,女性299人,平均年龄32.7±17.3岁;文化程度小学及以下、初中、高中及以上分别占27.76%、27.05%和45.19%;目前居住在城市的占56.76%;伤人动物主要为狗占72.78%,动物免疫率为29.01%;伤者能完成正确处理伤口的占26.0%;人群文化程度和居住地不同能影响处理伤口的正确性。结论各相关部门应采取务实可行的措施来加强各类宠物登记、管理和免疫,并广泛开展狂犬病防治知识的宣传,才能防止狂犬病的流行。

Objective To understand the situation of post - exposure immunizations against rabies and the corresponding biting animals in order to provide evidence for making control and prevention measures in Guangzhou city. Methods Individual face - to - face interviews were conducted by trained nurses using standard questionnaires based on informed consent. Results Totally 562 subjects were interviewed including 263 males and 299 females. The mean age of the interviewed subjects was 32.7 ± 17.3 years old. Primary school, middle school, and high school were accounted for 27.76% ,27.05%, and 45.19% respectively. 56.76% of the subjects were living in urban area and 72.78% of them were bitten by dogs. The immunization rate of the biting animals was 29. 01%. The wound of 26.0% of the exposed subjects was dealt with properly. Education level and residential location were factors associated with correct treatment of the wounds （x^2 = 50.779, P = 0.000,x^2 = 25.244, P = 0.000）. Conclusion Effective measures be taken for control of rabies including strengthening the registration, managing and vaccinating pets and performing health education.