从三个原初概念看笛卡尔哲学

Descartes' Philosophy and Three Primitive Notions

我们认为可以通过挖掘笛卡尔的三个原初概念——灵魂与身体的紧密统一体、思维、广延——来重新更好地理解笛卡尔的整个哲学思想:他的第一哲学命题“我思故我在”中的“我思”实际上应该对应于灵魂与身体的紧密统一体这个原初概念;他的形而上学是围绕思维这个原初概念展开的;他的物理学完全依赖于广延这个原初概念;他的认识论则更是以他的原初概念思想为基础的,原初概念应该是认识的先天形式,这就凸显了笛卡尔认识论的一种批判性维度;他的伦理学中人的概念也直接对应于他的灵魂与身体的紧密统一体这个原初概念。我们不能过于强调笛卡尔的二元区分的思想,而忘记了他另一个同样原初的灵魂和身体的统一体概念。

We consider that we can understand more perfectly Descartes＇ philosophy by his three primitive notions： the unity of the soul and the body, thinking and extension. The cogito of his primary preposition＂ cogito ergo sum＂ should be the unity of the soul and the body. His metaphysics is concerned with the primitive notion of thinking. His physics depends on the primitive notion of extension. His epistemology bases more upon these simple natures, namely the three primitive notions, these simple natures should be a priori formers of cognition, so these embody one critical character of his epistemology. The man, which is the central notion of his ethics, should correspond also to the primitive notion of the unity of the soul and the body . When Descartes distinguishes the notion of thinking from the notion of extension, we can not forget his notion of the unity of the soul and the body.