论范仲淹“积极防御”的守边策略

On FAN Zhongyan's Border-Defence Strategy of "Proactive Defence"

北宋多年来贯彻实施强干弱枝、守内虚外和重文轻武的基本国策,军事力量薄弱,边塞防卫松弛。范仲淹调任西北前线主帅后,为解决军需问题,要求建立“营田”制度;且适当招募当地壮丁,建立“土兵”制度;同时,精选将帅,精练士卒。范仲淹主张适当地发动局部进攻,进攻的目的是为了构筑起更好的防御体系,局部进攻应该成为“积极防御”的有机组成部分。由于朝廷基本采用了其“积极防御”的防边思路,西北前线形势很快稳定下来,宋、夏双方终于达成和平协议。

The Northern Song Dynasty has been militarily weak and fragile in border defence due to the implementation of ill-conceived policies such as focusing on the minor and belittling the important. After transferred to be the general on north-western forefront, FAN Zhong-yan establishes a system called ＂Ying Tian （Camp Field）＂, which is aimed to solve the army＇s logistic problems. In addition, he also sets up a system called ＂Shi Bing （Soldier）＂ with a view to selecting best generals and soldiers out of the recruits from the local places. He also proposes to mount local offensive attacks as a proactive defence strategy, thus perfecting the system of defence. The result of his efforts is that peace accord has been reached between the Song Dynasty and the Xia Dynasty and a new detente prevails on the north-westem front.