生存权、水人权：缺水地区人民雨水集蓄权的宪法权利属性

A Legal Study of the Human Rights Problem in Water-Lacking Areas

生存权的思想自古就有,但是不成体系。近代早期的生存权,也不能积极保障公民的基本生存条件。于是出现了现代意义上的生存权理论,即以积极保障公民生存条件为其基本特征,至二战后生存权理论得到各国宪法的承认并日益国际化。水人权是生存权的具体表现形式。水人权得到了国际社会的重视和众多国内法的承认,我国干旱缺水地区人民的雨水集蓄利用权属于水人权的范畴。水人权的具体表现形式可能很多,但是我国干旱缺水地区人民的雨水集蓄权是水人权在我国的具体表现形式之一,这一点从干旱缺水地区雨水集蓄不同于丰水地区雨水集蓄的特征可以看出来。这样一种具体的水人权在我国立法上已经有了一定的体现,但是相关立法和制度仍需要进一步完善。

The concept of life rights has been available since the ancient times but has never had the opportunity to get perfected and systemized. Life rights in the modern sense are based on the conviction that all the necessary conditions for living must be guaranteed the citizens. Water supply is one of the most important aspects of the life rights, hence the term ＂water human right＂. The rainwater collection project in the arid areas in China is thus not only of economic significance but also a matter of the human rights concern.