区域地下水位监测网优化设计方法

Design of regional groundwater level monitoring networks

区域地下水位监测提供了定量评价含水层地下水位持续下降及其对环境影响必不可少的信息。历史上的地下水位监测网是为了评价地下水资源或监测水源地降落漏斗而设立的,目前它们已经不能适应为流域水资源综合管理提供必需的信息。本文在综述国际地下水位监测现状的基础上,介绍了区域地下水位监测网优化设计的方法。采用地理信息系统编制的地下水动态类型图为地下水位监测井位置的选择提供了坚实的水文地质基础;克里金插值法能定量评价监测网观测值绘制的地下水位等高线的精度,因而可以用来定量设计地下水位监测网;时间序列分析和统计检验提供了优化地下水位监测频率的定量标准。这些方法已被应用于北京平原、乌鲁木齐河流域和济南岩溶泉域,其成果将在本刊分期发表。

Monitoring of regional groundwater levels provides important information for quantifying groundwater depletion and assessing impacts on the environment. Historically groundwater level monitoring networks were set up in responding to demand of data for groundwater resources assessment or need to monitor the cone of depression. There is urgent need to upgrade this network to a regional groundwater level monitoring network to acquire information for integrated water resources management at the river basin scale. This paper reviews the state of art of groundwater level monitoring in the world. Methodologies for designing groundwater level monitoring networks are described. GIS-based mapping of groundwater regime zones provides solid bases for locating groundwater monitoring wells. Kriging based method can quantify the accuracy of the interpolation which can be used as a measure to evaluate the effectiveness of the monitoring network. Time series analysis and statistical test provide quantitative criteria to determine the optimum observation frequency. These methods were applied to the Urumqi River Basin, Beijing Plain and Jinan Karst Spring Basin and discussed in subsequent papers.