北京平原地下水水位监测网优化

Optimum design of groundwater level monitoring network of Beijing Plain

文章在北京市地下水水位监测现状基础上,分潜水和承压水对北京平原地下水监测网的监测密度和监测频率进行了优化设计。主要采用编制地下水动态类型图的方法进行了地下水水位监测网的优化,克里金插值法能定量评价依据监测网观测值绘制的地下水水位等高线的精度,因而可以用来评价监测优化结果。并根据时间序列分析和统计检验提供的定量标准优化了地下水水位监测频率。优化后,北京平原共有监测孔400眼,其中利用原有监测孔300眼,新设计监测孔100眼,手工监测频率由原来的每月6次优化为每月1次,专项高频率监测可以由地下水自动监测仪实现。文中还对地下水自动监测仪(DIVER)的监测结果和手工监测结果进行了对比评价,提出了地下水水位监测网的维护、管理措施和信息发布方式。

The present groundwater level monitoring network of Beijing Plain is not able to monitor regional groundwater regime. The monitoring network density and sampling frequency of the top unconfined and deep confined aquifers in Beijing Plain were optimized respectively in this paper. The groundwater regime zone map was created and used as the basis for locating new observation wells. The effectiveness of the newly designed network density was assessed using Kriging interpolation error standard deviation as the criteria. In addition, the sampling frequency of monitoring groundwater level was optimized by using time series analysis and statistical test. As a result, around 400 monitoring wells are necessary to monitor regional groundwater regime in Beijing Plain： 300 are existing monitoring wells and 100 are newly designed monitoring wells. The monthly sampling frequency was found sufficient to monitor long-term trend and annual periodic changes. Smaller scale variations can be captured by the installed automatic groundwater monitoring data loggers. The comparison of manual observations and data loggers confirmed the reliability and accuracy of the automatic data loggers. The monitored data is stored in GIS information system and will be regularly analyzed to provide important information to water managers, water users and publics.