闽东约马蜂的生物学习性观察

Observations on the biological habit of Polistes jokanamae in East Fujian.

约马蜂Polistes johnamae Radoszkowski是一种习见的社会性天敌昆虫。研究表明：约马蜂在闽东地区于4月中旬觅址筑巢，历经40d建成31～40个巢房的小巢。约马蜂1年发生2代，第1代蜂于5月下旬开始羽化，7月初蜂巢拥有职蜂可达30只，每只职蜂日均外勤达14次，群体进入快速增长期；第2代蜂8～9月间出现，雄蜂所占比例超过1／3，群体进入鼎盛期。第2代雌蜂与雄蜂交尾后于11月陆续离巢越冬。幼体发育历期28—37d，与外界气温密切相关，随温度升高而缩短。文中还提出计算幼体发育历期的方法。

Polistes jokanamae Radoszkowski is a common social natural enemy insect. The present study in East Fujian showed that the female wasp ended its hibernation and then found a place to nidificate in the mid of April. Its haplometrosis needed 40 days to finish a nest with 31 to 40 combs. P. jokanamae had 2 generations per year. The first generation emerged in the last ten-day of May. In the early July, the nest owns 30 worker wasps and each of them went out to work 14 times per day, and the nest members increased rapidly. The second generation emerged between Augest and September, the amount of male wasps was more than one third and the nest reached its peak. Male and female wasps of the second generation mated and abandoned their nests to overwinter in November. Developmental phases for the juvenile lasted 28 to 37 days and shortened with the rise of temperature. The method to count the developmental phases was also mentioned in this paper.