内蒙古城市化发展对生态环境的影响分析

Pressures of urbanization on ecology and environment in inner mongolia

城市化程度的提高在促进经济和社会发展的同时也产生了一系列的负面影响。内蒙古地区的城市化水平以年均增长率3．57%的速度提高,非农业人口和城市建成区面积持续增加, 1997年后增加相同数量的城市非农业人口,城市建设用地扩展面积是1997年前的近乎4倍。这种扩张规模在造成对生态环境直接占用的同时,对能源、资源和环境产生明显的胁迫作用,其中能源消费总量、城市工业废气排放总量与非农业人口数量呈指数相关,相关系数达0．96和0．91,形成正反馈的恶性循环;城市生活用水、工业用水总量与非农业人口数量呈二项式相关关系,相关系数达0．94和0．70,其中生活用水总量目前处于上升阶段,而工业生活用水总量受到水资源不足的影响呈现先增长后降低的趋势。内蒙古地区要保证其重要的生态地位,城市化必须走可持续发展的道路。

Urbanization is a main trend of social-economic development all over the world. But with the scale of urbanization enlarged and the human development intensified, a large scale of infrastructure construction and industry development has given rise to pressures on regional eeo-environment for high material consumption and heavy pollution. This paper has taken Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as a case study area. It located near northern frontier in China with arid and semi-arid territorial climate, and its eco-environment is vulnerable. As a key region and barrier for the ecological protection in China, the ecological function of Inner Mongolia is important for China. But in Inner Mongolia urban development rate has increased by a rate of 3.57 percent annually, which has characterized with high concentration, industrialization and development speed. There are a series of negative effects due to the quick urbanization while promoting economical and social development. Non-agricultural population and builtup area have increased constantly. The elastic coefficient of land expansion is 1.04 before 1997, while increase to 4.12 after 1997. So the built-up area after 1997 has expanded 4 folds of that before 1997 in the same proportion of increment of non-agricultural population. This scale of urban expansion has caused increment of direct urban land occupation and low efficiency of land utilization as well as the pressures on the energy consumption, resource and environment. In Inner Mongolia the total amount of energy-consumption and urban industry waste gas discharge are exponentially correlated with the amount of non-agricultural population with the coefficient up to 0.96 and 0.91 respectively, which formed the malign circle of the positive feedback with a definite limit of environment carrying capacity. The total amount of urban domestic water use and urban industrial water use are binomially correlated with the amount of non-agricultural population, with the coefficient up to 0.94 and 0.70. At present, the total amount of domestic water use is at the stage of rising, while industrial water use is reduced after the growth which restricted by the insufficient water resource due to arid and semi-arid climate and constant drought. Because of the important ecological function of Inner Mongolia, urbanization in this region is needed to take a sustainable way to guarantee the key ecological function .