非离子表面活性剂的雾点研究──电解质的影响

Effect of Added Electrolytes on the Cloud Point of Nonionic Surfactant Solutions

研究了1-1型钠盐对五种非离子表面活性剂（TritonX-100.TritonX-114,TritonX-305,IgepalCO-720和IgepalCO-890）水溶液雾点的影响,有九种钠盐使雾点下降，下降的效率依次是IO3-＞OH－＞F-＞CH3COO-＞BrO3-＞Cl-＞Br－＞ClO3-≥NO3-：有三种钠盐使雾点升高，升高的效率依次是CNS-＞ClO4-＞I-，使雾点下降或升高的效率主要取决于盐的品种，而不是非离子表面活性剂由于TritonX－305和IgepalCO－890的雾点都超过100℃．雾点的常规测定方法不适用，利用加入可使雾点下降的盐，提出了两种方法以解决这一问题，并测估得TritonX－305和IgepalCO－890的雾点分别＞11℃和116℃。

The effects of added 1-1 type sodium salts on the aqueous solutions of five nonionic surfactants (i.e. Triton X-100, Triton X-114, Triton X-305, Igepal CO-720 and Igepal CO-890) have been investigated systematically. The effectiveness of monovalent anions in decreasing cloud point of nonionic surfactant solutions varies in the order IO3- >OH- >F- >CH3COO- >BrO3- >Cl- >Br- > ClO3-NO3-, while in increasing cloud point of nonionic surfactant solutions varies in the order CNS- >ClO4- >I-. The experimental data indicate that the efficiency in cloud point decreasing or increasing depends primarily on the electrolyte and not the nonionic surfactant. As the cloud point of Triton X-305 and Igepal CO-890 both exceed 100℃, the routine measuremont is useless. Two procedures have been proposed to solve the problem by the addition of electrolytes which decreases the cloud point of nonionic surfactant. This leads to the cloud point of 112℃ and 116℃ for Triton X-305 and Igepal CO-890 respectively.