CO_2与环氧丙烷环加成的催化剂及反应工艺研究

Study on the catalyst for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide

对ＣＯ２与环氧丙烷环加成反应的催化剂及反应工艺作了研究。结果表明，卤化物与有机碱组成的二元体系是适合的催化剂，其中ＳｎＣｌ４、ＬｉＣｌ、ＢｅＣｌ２、ＴａＣｌ５等卤化物具有较高的活性；有机碱则以三乙胺为宜。催化活性与卤化物及有机碱的Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸碱性有关。４２３～４３３Ｋ为环加成反应的最佳温度区间；卤化物及有机碱的含量分别占液相投料量的１．０％～１．５％及０．１％～０．２％时，催化体系的活性最高。

In this paper, the catalysts and reaction conditions of the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide are studied. The results indicate that binary system composed of halide and organobase is the suitable catalyst for the cycloaddition. SnCl 4, LiCl, BeCl 2 and TaCl 5 show high activities. Triethylamine is the most effective base for this reaction. Some dependences of catalytic activity on the acidic and basic properties of Lewis acids and bases used as catalytic components are found. 423K to 433K is the optimum temperature range. In order to enhance the catalytic activity, the contents of halides and organobases are controlled as 1.0% to 1.5% and 0.1% to 0.2% respectively.