不同管理措施毛竹林节肢动物群落的时序动态

Temporal dynamics of the arthropod communities in the forests of Phyllostachys heterocycla var.pubescens managed with different measures

通过对毛竹林节肢动物群落1 a的定位系统调查,比较和分析了长期垦复施肥、垦复、劈草、撂荒和化学除草等5种典型管理措施下的群落多样性、害虫与天敌功能群以及叶部主要害虫种群的时序动态。结果表明:以撂荒为对照,其他各管理措施影响群落林下层类群的重要阶段均为11月到次年2月,表现为降低了其丰富度和物种多样性,减少了其植食性害虫和捕食性天敌的个体数;影响竹冠层类群的重要阶段为10-12月份,表现为增加了其物种多样性和减少了其植食性害虫和寄生性天敌的个体数。长期撂荒和垦复林中毛竹害螨在10-12月份的种群数量较高,长期劈草、撂荒和化学除草林中蠕须盾蚧在4-8月份的种群数量较高,长期垦复、垦复施肥和劈草林中刚竹毒蛾在8月份的种群数量较高。

Based on field surveys in selected sampling sites in forests of Phyllostachys heterocycla var. pubescens （ Mazel. ） Ohwl. managed with five representative measures, including long-term cultivation and fertilization, cultivation, weeding, non-management and spraying herbicide in Sanming of Fujian Province from 2001 to 2002, the temporal dynamics of the species diversity, the natural enemy and pest guilds and the main leaf pest populations in the arthropod community were compared and analyzed. The results showed that in contrast with the non-management forest, the key stage of the other four management measures affecting the lower layer of the community was from November this year to February next year~ In this stage, the richness, species diversity, individual number of the herbivores and predators in the lower layer were all decreased for the disturbances of these management measures. However, the key stage of these measures affecting the canopy of the community was from October to December this year. In the stage, the species diversity in the canopy was increased, and the individual number of herbivores and parasitoids were all decreased for the same disturbances. Furthermore, long-term non-management and cultivation could benefit higher population number of phytophagous mites during October to December, and long-term non-management, weeding and spraying herbicide could benefit higher population number of Kuwanaspis vermiformis during April to August, and long-term cultivation and fertilization, cultivation and weeding could benefit higher population number of Pantana phyUostachysae in August.