异枝麒麟菜和扇形叉枝藻卡拉胶的研究

A STUDY OF THE CARRAGEENANS FROM EUCHEUMA STRIATUM AND GYMNOGONGRUS FLABELLIFORMIS

于1988－1990年以海南文昌海藻养殖场进口的异枝麒麟菜和在山东省青岛市采集的扇形叉枝藻为材料进行多糖产率、凝胶强度、粘度、凝固点、融点、硫酸酯和3．6－内醚－半乳糖含量分析，同时用红外光谱（IR）和13C－核磁共振波谱（13C－NMR）分析它们的组成结构。实验结果表明，异枝麒麟菜碱处理后所得多糖的凝胶强度很高，达8．6×104Pa。多糖产率也高，主要由k－卡拉胶组成，故异技麒麟菜是一种很好的制造k－卡拉胶的原料，扇形叉枝藻的多糖能形成凝胶，但其凝胶强度仅为1．2×104Pa，比异枝麒麟菜低得多。这种多糖的组成很复杂，由K－，l－，β－和λ－卡拉胶组成。

In this paper, the yield, physical properties, chemical components and structure of polysaccharides extracted from Eucheuma sthatum and Gymnogongna flabelliformis were discussed and compared with the results of other author in 1988- 1990. E strtatum was from southeast Asia and G. flabelliformis was collected from the Qingdao beach in Dec. 1978. The polysaccharides extracted from E.striatum with and without alkaline treatment have been studied, the polysaccharides yields were very high (31.5% and 40.9%), their gel strength were 8.6×104Pa and 7.5×103Pa;contents of sulfate were 13.36% and 19.04%; 3.6-anhydro-galactose of polysaccharide were 32.00% and 27.00% respectively. Infrared and 13C-NMR spectroscopy analysis indicated that the composition of this polysaccharide mainly was K-carrageenan production and it is possible that this polysaccharide contain very little l-carrageenan. So E.striatum is very well raw material from production of K-carrageenan. At the same time, polysaccharide extracted from G. flabelliformis with and without alkaline treatment have been studied, their yields were 30.9% and 42.4%;gel strength were 1.2×104 Pa and 1.7×103 Pa; contents of sulfate were 13.75% and 15.14%; 3.6-AG contents were 30.00% and 28.00% respectively. the polysaccharide of G. flabelliformis could from a gel, but its gel strengh was much lower than that of E slrintum, the composition of this polysaccharide was wery complex. It is composed of K-, l-, β-and γ-carrageenan. This component was similar to the result of polysaccharide from G. furcellatus reported by Penman et al. (1973).