元明《宫词》与清《竹枝词》中北京节令风俗考略

A Brief Study on the Solar Terms in Beijing by Viewing Gongci in Yuan and Ming Dynasty and Zhuzhici in Qing

古人将社会风俗的变化及其产生的影响视为国家兴衰的一个重要因素。元代以前,北京地区的风俗带有明显的地域文化特色,表现出北方农耕文化与游牧文化相互融合的风貌。到了元代,天下一统的政治格局使得全国各地、特别是江南地区的农耕文化逐渐北上,在京城产生了越来越大的影响,都城的风俗也开始从地域支流文化向京师主流文化转变。

Before the Yuan Dynasty, the customs in Beijing carry obvious local features, indicating a combination of aerial farming culture and nomadism culture. However, since the Yuan Dynasty when the national unification took place, the folk culture of Beijing had been greatly influenced by the farming culture of the entire nation, especially that in South Youngtze River, making it transformed from regional culture to capital mainstream culture.