苍蝇对杧果的传粉作用及其与温度的关系

Effect of Flies on Mango Pollination and the Relationship between Their Pollination Activity and the Temperature

通过架设防虫网、人工养蝇、引蝇访花并选择不同天气类型观察苍蝇、蜂和其他种类昆虫在杧果(Mangifera indica)花穗上的活动情况,研究杧果传粉的主导因子、人工养蝇和引蝇访花对提高杧果授粉受精率的效果,以及在不同天气类型情况下温度对主要传粉昆虫苍蝇访花活动的影响。结果表明,杧果主要传粉媒介为昆虫,其中苍蝇在杧果传粉中起主要作用,其次为蜂。苍蝇在杧果花穗上的活动主要受温度影响,不同天气类型对苍蝇访花活动也有影响,在晴天天气条件下苍蝇在花穗上的活动时间和温度范围都较大。人工养蝇和引蝇访花可大幅度提高杧果受精发育果的比例。

The main factors affecting mango＇s（Mangifera indica） pollination were studied by using three methods, insect-proof net, raising flies and luring them to visit mango＇s panicles, and the effect of raising flies and luring them to visit flowers on improving mango＇s pollination rate were analyzed. The influence of temperatures under different weathers on pollination insect＇s activity was also observed. The result shows that the insects play a main role on the pollination of Mango, of which flies are the most important, followed by bees. The activity of flies is mainly affected by temperature. Different weathers also influenced flies＇ activity on flower. On sunny days, flies had longer activity time and higher temperature range on panicles. Raising flies and luring them to visit flower effectively improved the percentage of mango＇s pollinated fruit.