青藏高原与东西两侧大陆的气温差异

TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE QINGHAI-TIBET PLATEAU AND ITS CONTIGUOUS AREAS

主要对我国昆仑山—秦岭以南的东西部气温的差异问题进行简要讨论。比较气象台站实测气温和换算至海面后的温度,明显反映西部、中部和东部3个地貌阶块的海面气温自西向东逐级降低。我国西部高原地区全年温度较东部丘陵平原区相对偏高,主要原因在于青藏高原和南亚次大陆主要为西南季风所控制,致使气温相对偏高,而东部深受东南季风和来自高纬冬季风的影响,气温相对偏低。因而,全球变化和区域性季风气候是导致东西部气温差异的主导原因,而不能笼统地归之为高原增温效应和东部“冷槽”影响所致。

This paper briefly discusses the difference of temperatures between the western and eastern parts south of the Kunlun-Qinling mountains of China. Comparison between the measured temperatures at weather stations and the temperatures obtained by conversion of the measured temperatures at sea level shows that the sea-level temperatures in the western, middle and eastern geomorphologic steps of China decrease gradually at 0.5~C/100 m from west to east. The annual average arithmetic temperatures in the plateau region of western China are higher than those in low, level region of eastern China, mainly because the climate of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of western China and the Southern Asian subcontinent has been controlled by the southwestern monsoons, while the climate in eastern China has been mainly influenced by the southeastern Asian monsoons and winter monsoons from high latitudes. Therefore, the global change and regional-scale monsoon climate are the primary cause responsible for the difference of arithmetic temperatures between eastern and western China, so we cannot broadly ascribe the temperature difference to the warming effect of the plateau and the effect of ＂cold troughs＂ in the east.