赫尔曼.巴尔:维也纳现代派的奠基人

Hermann Bahr:The Founder of Viennese Modernism

19世纪末20世纪初,柏林是德国自然主义文学的中心,而维也纳则以印象主义或象征主义开辟了德语现代派文学的新天地。赫尔曼.巴尔是唯一一位直接参与了这两个中心的文学活动的批评家和作家。在柏林,他是自然主义最主要的杂志《自由舞台》的编辑;在维也纳,他成为“青年维也纳”的组织者和宣传者。他在柏林和维也纳发表了一系列理论和批评文章,使维也纳现代派以创新的风格出现在德语文坛上,与柏林的自然主义形成鼎立的局面,为德语现代派文学的发展奠定了深厚的基础。

At the turn of the 20th century, Berlin was the centre of German naturalism, while Vienna, with the forces of impressionism and symbolism, became the new world for modernism of literature in German. Hermann Bahr is the only critic and writer who participated in both literary activities taken place in these two centres. He published a series of theoretical essays and fictions in both cities, promoting the fresh style of Viennese Modernism, and making it a balancing power opposing the naturalism centred around Berlin, thus laying down the groundwork for the development of modernist literature in German.