何谓“为学术而学术”——纯学术观的类型学考察

What is "Science for Science's Sake":A Typology Study of the Idea of Pure Science

本文认为,纯学术观的两个源头分别是古希腊和启蒙时代的德国。启蒙时代的学术观深受古希腊哲学的影响,但又有所拓展。基于这两个时代的观念,可以分离出纯学术观的三种意涵。首先,这一观念认为知识本身即是目的,具有内在的价值,它强调知识的非实用性,这种观念也是古典自由教育的知识论基础;其次,纯学术观是一种自我合法化的话语,它强调学术或理性作为一个领域的独立性,拒绝用经济、政治的标准来衡量学术,它同时也是学术自由的学理依据;最后,为学术而学术作为一种独特的学术人的职业伦理,它强调的是“科学动机”的非功利性,要求学者将学术研究摆在第一位。

The idea of pure science originates in ancient Greece and the Age of enlightenment in Germany.Based on the idea in these two ages,we can distinguish its meanings into three kinds.Firstly,this idea holds that knowledge is an end in itself.Secondly,pure knowl-edge is rational knowledge;it has its own special logic that is beyond economic and politi-cal judgment.Thirdly,pure science or science for science's sake is an academic ethic;it emphasizes the non-utility in science inquiry.