发展性阅读障碍的神经机制及其对第二语言学习的影响

The Neural Mechanism of Developmental Dyslexia and Its effect on Second Language Aquisition

研究表明拼音文字系统的发展性阅读障碍者与以中文为代表的表意文字系统的发展性阅读障碍者在阅读过程中大脑的激活部位存在差异。关于母语阅读障碍儿童对第二语言学习的影响是近年来发展性阅读障碍研究的热点。双语发展性阅读障碍的理论假设主要有两种语言相互依赖假设和正字法依赖假设。前者认为母语的阅读障碍可以自动迁移到第二语言的学习中;后者认为母语的阅读障碍是否会迁移到第二语言的学习中,要依赖两种语言的正字法特征。我们认为这两种理论不是相互矛盾的,阅读障碍是否会同时出现在两种语言中可能取决于这两种语言是否共用了相同的有缺陷的神经系统。

The researches have found that developmental dyslexia exists in almost every language and writing system. There are different brain activation regions between alphabetical dyslexia and nonalphabetical dyslexia in reading. The effect of dyslexia in native language on second language acquisition has been a heated issue in researches on developmental dyslexia in recent years. There are two main bilingual dyslexia hypotheses： one is linguistic interdependence hypothesis, which claims that reading difficulties can be transferred automatically from one language to another; the other is orthographic dependent hypothesis, which claims that whether reading difficulties in native language can be transferred to the second language depends on the orthographic features of these two languages. We don＇ t think the two hypotheses are contradictory. Whether dyslexia can occur in two languages depends on if the two languages use the same deficient nerve system.