钠离子在葡萄和苹果植株体内的分布特征

Distribution characteristics of Na+ in grapevine and apple plants

分别以葡萄和苹果耐盐和敏盐的品种为试材,比较了钠离子在植株体内的分布。发现葡萄对NaCl的吸收/耐受程度强于苹果,二者Na+的分布特征明显不同。葡萄主要积累在地上部器官,在0.40%NaCl胁迫下,较耐盐的砧木1103P的Na+分布梯度是新梢>叶柄>新根>叶片>主干>假根颈>老根;而有真根颈的苹果以地下部根系截留为主,在0.35%NaCl胁迫下,较耐盐砧木海棠果的各器官表现为从下而上层层截留的趋势,分布梯度为新根>老根>根颈>枝干>新梢>叶柄>叶片,根系截留量达到75%以上,以新根截留最多,叶片最少,而不耐盐的砧木山定子到达叶片的Na+量高于叶柄。各树种不同品种耐盐性的差异一方面表现在拒盐能力的不同,另一方面是吸收的Na+运输到叶片中的含量不同。

Na^＋ distribution was compared among salt-tolerant or salt-sensitive varieties of grapevine and apple plants. The results showed obvious difference in Na^＋ distribution patterns between grapevine and apple, Compared with apple, grapevine plants absorbed more Na^＋ which was mainly accumulated in aboveground parts. When being exposed to 0.40% NaCl, the content of Na^＋ in salt-tolerant grapevine stock 1103Paulsen was shoot〉 petiole〉 new roots〉 lamina〉trunk 〉 rhizome 〉 old roots, while Na^＋ was mostly in the roots of apple plants. Under the salt stress of 0.35% NaC1, in salt-tolerant apple rootstock Malus prunifolia Borkh, Na^＋ was declined gradually from roots to upper parts, i.e. new roots〉 old roots 〉rhizome 〉trunk 〉shoot〉 petiole〉 lamina. More than 75% Na^＋ was localized in roots, especially in new roots, while the rest in lamina. In contrast, in salt-sensitive species M.baccata Borhk, Na^＋ was in lamina more than in petiole.