苦楝果实活性物质研究

STUDIES OF THE ACTIVE COMPONENTS ON FRUITS OF MELIA AZEDARACH L.

本文报道苦楝果实中的生物活性物质。发现果实的抽提物和单体化合物不仅具有防治作物害虫的作用,而且,还对植物有生长调节作用。通过生物活性鉴定结果表明:果实种仁的水抽提物对水稻早期萌动、发芽与秧苗的生长均有促进作用。其中,处理稻种第2天(48h),其发芽率比对照高出24.67％～42.86％;第4天秧苗的根长在1cm以上占56.5％～65.0％,而对照组只有15.5％。尤其是抽提液浓度在6000ppm时处理的稻种,测得生长10d的秧苗总长为对照的120.27％,胚根长为对照的121.54％;以及叶片中的叶绿素总含量比对照高8.5％。还证明了从果实中提取分离的几种三萜类化合物和在果实中发现的一种新化合物对苯二甲酸二甲酯,均对菜青虫有拒食和胃毒活性。

This paper reports the bioactive substances in the fruite of Melia azedarach. The fruit extracts or monomer compouds have not only insect-resistant activities but a grouth-regulating role for crop. Biological identification shows: the water-extracting liquid of kernel could promote the rice germinating in early stage, sprouting and growing of seedling; some extracting-scparating compounds, tetracy-lotriterpenes,and in the fruits a new compounds could make pieris rapae antifeed and have stomach-toxic activities.