安太堡矿区复垦地植被种间关系及土壤因子分析

Interspecific associations of restored vegetation and related soil factors in Antaibao Mine,Shanxi

为研究安太堡矿区植被复垦过程中不同植物群落类型的种间关系及影响群落稳定性的外部环境因子,作者对矿区的植物群落和自然生境进行了野外调查。对森林、灌丛和草地3种群落分别在10m×10m、4m×4m和1m×1m的尺度上,采用校正的χ2检验、Spearman秩相关分析研究了不同群落类型中出现频率较高的物种之间的联结性,同时应用灰色关联识别对影响群落稳定性的土壤因子进行了识别。结果表明:草地群落中物种组成贫乏,以旱生种为优势类群,物种间既具有一定的联结性,又具有相当独立的分布格局。灌丛群落主要种整体呈现正联结,其组成成分仍以旱生或中旱生物种为主,部分中生性物种的出现及其与优势种的正相关关系都在一定程度上指示了灌丛群落向正向演替方向进行。森林群落主要种也整体呈现正联结,表明群落处于植被演替进程中一个相对稳定的过渡阶段。土壤因子与植物群落稳定性的关联顺序为:有机质>N>P>K>Cu>Mn>pH>Zn>电导率。总的来看,矿区现有森林群落配置方式是较灌丛群落和草地群落配置方式更适合于矿区特殊生境的群落类型,而土壤因子中有机质在决定群落稳定性方面发挥重要作用。此研究结果对制定该矿区植被恢复计划具有参考价值。

Vegetation restoration is one of the important methods of land reclamation in the field of mining. In order to study the interspecific associations of plants and soil factors affecting the stability of plant communities in the process of vegetation restoration, we surveyed plant communities as well as their habitats in Antaibao Mine, Shanxi. The communities and habitat were investigated at three different scales： 10 m × 10 m quadrats for trees, 4 m × 4 m for shrubs, and 1 m × 1 m for grasses and herbs. Continuity corrected x^2 test, and Spearman rank correlation were employed to analyze the association among the common species in different plant communities, and grey incidence recognition was used to identify soil factors that affected community stability. The results showed that, dominated by xerophytes, this grassland community was poor in species richness. In this community, some species were associated, while others were independent. In the thicket community, which was also dominated by xerophytes, there was a positive association of overall species. The occurrence of some mcsophytes as well as the positive association with the dominant species indicated that the community was in positive succession. In the forest community, there was also a positive association among overall species, indicating the community was in a relatively steady stage in recovering succession. The influence of soil factors ranked in the following order： soil organic matter 〉 N 〉 P〉 K〉 Cu〉 Mn 〉 pH 〉 Zn〉EC. In conclusion, compared with shrubs and grasslands, the present forest community is better adapted to the special habitats in Antaibao Mine, and soil organic matter content is a key factor determining the stability of plant communities.