边际多样性方法在中国猪种保护资金分配中的应用

Optimal allocation of funds for conservation of Chinese pig breeds using marginal diversity estimates

农业动物种质资源面临着严重危机,有必要构建一个科学、有效的保护方案,合理分配有限的资金,以期保护最大的多样性。本文应用边际多样性方法,以中国18个地方猪种为例,通过对灭绝概率、现实多样性、边际多样性和保护潜力的分析,应用3种模型分析了未来群体期望多样性变化趋势,并提出了相应的资金优化配置方案。在文中所涉及的模型中,加性模型(ModelA)被评定为资金优化配置的最佳模型;共有10个品种获得保护资金,其中杭猪获得最高比例(16%)的保护资金;其次为赣中南花猪(万安猪)、嵊县花猪,各获得14%;阳新猪、乐平猪各获得11%;五指山猪、玉山乌猪、赣中南花猪(冠朝猪)、清平猪、武夷黑猪和嘉兴黑猪分别获得10%、9%、9%、2%、2%和2%的保护资金。结果表明,分配保护资金需综合考虑群体的受威胁程度、群体遗传多样性和经济重要性等。

Farm animal genetic resources have been threatened over the past decades, therefore a scientific and efficient framework is critical to allocate limited funds to conserve maximal genetic diversity of farm animals. In this study, the marginal diversity method was exploited to set priorities for conservation of 18 Chinese pig breeds. Based on the analysis of their extinction probability, contribution rate, marginal diversity, and conservation potency, we evaluated the effectiveness of three models to gain the maximal expected diversity and optimal fund allocation. The additive model （model A） proved to be optimum for allocation of all the funds to 10 of the 18 Chinese pig breeds. The largest share of funds （16%） was allocated to the Hang pig, followed by the Ganzhongnan spotted pig/Wanan pig and Shengxian pig （which earned 14% each）, the Yangxin pig and Leping pig （11% each）, the Wuzhishan pig （10%）, the Yushan black pig and Ganzhongnan spotted pig/Guanchao pig （9% each）, and the Qingping pig, Wuyi pig and Jiaxing pig （2% each）. The results indicate that the degree of endangerment, genetic diversity, economic importance and contribution of breeds to the species diversity should be taken into account when allocating conservation funds.