整合:西方家庭治疗领域的新趋势

Integrating:The Current Trend of The Family Therapeutical Sphere In Western Countries

自20世纪80年代以来,原本流派林立的家庭治疗领域出现了一种整合性的理论思潮和实践取向。整合包括三个层次一是对整合性理论的构建,二是技巧层次上的整合,三是对促成疗效的共同因素的综合。整合模式注重理论的多维性与情境性,注重实证研究与经验积累,并强调来访者自身的作用,其长处在于它的综合性、包容性和开放性,但也由此带来治疗价值的冲突等深刻问题。治疗者应更注重整合策略,并关注治疗中的文化、性别、价值观及职业道德问题,以达到积极有效的治疗效果。这也是判断一个整合模式是否成功的最终标准。

After decades of distinction and separation, the development of family therapy has fed into the dominance of integrative practice which has been progressing on three aspects since 1980s. The first aspect centers on the generalization of integrative theories; the second emphasizes technical eclecticism; the third tries to collect common factors of different treatments. Emerging from a broad theoretical haze and enormous empirical researches and focusing on client strengths, integrative approaches cover multifold dimensions of human behavior and allow greater flexibility in treatment. However, this can also bring forth negative influence,such as the chaos of therapists＇ values. Thus, therapists have to take more sophisticated integrative strategies and add gender,ethnical and cultural perspectives to their practice to gain the greatest efficacy in treatment which is the final objective of any therapy models.