社会赞许能否调节内隐认知与外显认知的关系

Can Social Approval Regulate the Relations Between Implicit Cognition and Explicit Cognition?

自Greenwald(1995)[1]提出内隐联结测验以来,内隐认知成为社会认知研究的热点。在已往研究中,内隐认知(含内隐态度和内隐自尊)和外显认知(含外显态度和外显自尊)存在低相关,但是这个相关系数在一定范围内存在波动。本文将通过两个研究来探究这一波动背后的原因,即寻找影响两者关系的第三变量——社会赞许。研究一:探测了34名在校大学生的社会赞许倾向、内隐自尊和外显自尊。结果显示受社会赞许影响不同的人,内隐自尊和外显自尊相关系数存在数值上的高低差异,但这个差异没有达到显著效果。另外,受社会赞许影响不同的两组被试在外显自尊维度上存在显著差异。研究二:探测了45名体育大学优秀运动员对兴奋剂和普通饮料的内隐、外显态度。结果显示对服用兴奋剂和服用普通饮料这两种受社会赞许影响不同的行为,被试的内隐和外显态度的相关有细微差异,但这个差异也没有达到显著效果。另外,这两种行为态度,在外显态度的维度上存在显著差异。上述两个研究的结果显示社会赞许对内隐认知和外显认知的关系的调节作用不显著,文中讨论了这一结果产生的原因。

Since Greenwald developed the implicit bond test, implicit cognition had been the focus in the field of social cognition. In the past studies, there was a low correlation between implicit cognition and explicit cognition, and this correlation was unsettled in certain range. In this paper, two studies were conducted to examine the reason of this unsettle, namely to find the third variable-social approval, which influence this correlation. In first study, the social approval, implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem of 34 university students were investigated, the results showed that there was a difference in implicit self-esteem and explicit self-esteem, but this difference was not significant. In second study, the implicit attitude and explicit attitude to doping and beverage of 45 elite university athletes were examined. The results showed that there was a slight difference between implicit attitude and explicit attitude to doping and beverage which had different social approval, but this difference was also not significant. The results of these two studies showed that the regulation of social approval to the relations between implicit cognition and explicit cognition was not significant, and the reasons were discussed.