空气传播的生化袭击与建筑环境安全(4):计算室内人员暴露剂量的暴露单元及其分层模型

Airborne biochemical attacks and building environment security (4): exposure cell and its layered model for calculating exposure dose of indoor occupants

为了准确获得短时间内人员在室内微环境中的暴露剂量,提出了暴露单元及分层模型的概念。基于暴露单元及其分层模型,通过单元累加和人员累加计算,推导出了暴露单元对室内人群暴露剂量的贡献率、单个人员的累积暴露剂量和室内人群的累积暴露剂量计算公式,公式从不同的角度反映了室内人员的暴露水平。通过室内人员暴露剂量的计算,结合生化毒剂的剂量反应关系,可评价在特定生化袭击情景下室内人群的伤亡水平,为有效控制室内空气污染和指导人员安全疏散提供依据。

Presents the concepts of exposure cell and its layered model in order to get more accurate exposure dose of indoor occupants during the short period of incidents. Based on the exposure cell and its layered model and using the methods of accumulation of each cell and accumulation of each occupant, deduces three equations which can be used to calculate contribution of each cell to occupants＇ exposure dose, accumulated exposure dose of each occupant and accumulated exposure dose of total occupants. These equations reflect exposure level of indoor occupants from different aspects. With the results of exposure dose of indoor occupants and dose.response relationship of specific biochemical agent, casualties or fatalities of indoor occupants under the specific biochemical terrorist attack scenario could be estimated, and furthermore, references could be provided for contaminant control and occupant evacuation under the situation of emergency.