海南省近岸海域水生生态污染研究

Study on Aquatic Ecological Pollution in Inshore Areas in Hainan Province

随着海南省近海岸带养殖业的发展,大量养殖废水直接排入海洋,近岸海域中水生生物的种类与数量出现变化,近海岸带出现一定程度的污染.选择海南省3个有代表性的地点,通过海水采样和底泥采样,研究距海岸不同距离的海水和底泥中水生生物的种类和数量的变化,以研究海南省近岸海域水生生物受养殖业影响的程度.结果表明,近年来海南省近岸海域开展的大规模水产养殖,已对近岸海域生态系统产生了一定影响,导致近岸海洋生物数量增加,种类减少,生物多样性降低,特别是由于养殖业废水中含有大量有机物营养成分(如氮、磷等),导致近海岸藻类大量繁殖,从而极易暴发近岸海水赤潮.

With the development of aquiculture in coastal areas of Hainan Province, quantities of wastewater have directly discharged into the sea, leading to variation of kinds and amounts of aquatic organisms in inshore areas and certain degree of water pollution. Three representative sites were selected and sea water and sediment sampled to study the variation of kinds and amounts of aquatic organisms in the sea water and sediment at different distances to the coasts, so as to study the impact degree of aquiculture on aquatic organisms in inshore areas. It is shown that, in recent years, the large-scale aquiculture in coastal areas in Hainan Province have some-what affected the aquatic ecosystem in inshore areas. As a result, the amounts of aquatic organisms have increased, while the kinds of them and thus the biodiversity have decreased. Especially, as the wastewater from aquiculture contains plenty of nutritive ingredients, such as N and P, red tides are easy to occur due to breeding of large amount of algae in inshore areas.