基于EW-MFA方法的我国1990—2003年资源利用与环境影响特征研究

Study on Resource Utilization and Environmental Impact Characteristics for China in 1990—2003 Based on Economy-Wide Material Flow Analysis

运用经济系统物质流分析方法(economy-wide material flow analysis,EW-MFA),分析1990—2003年我国国家层面资源利用与环境影响的2 600多个数据,得出1990—2003年间我国资源利用和环境影响特征.在选取EW-MFA传统分析指标基础上,结合我国发展循环经济的需求和循环经济自身特点,增加了资源循环利用率新指标.研究表明:我国资源利用中直接物质投入量和国内物质输出量随GDP增长呈线性增长趋势.近年来,我国资源生产率出现低位下降,而循环利用率处于较低的水平,与日本的差距日益扩大;我国单位GDP的环境负荷略有下降,但经济的大规模发展造成环境总负荷上升.

The characteristics of resource utilization and environmental impact of China in 1990-2003 were analyzed by the derived indicators of economy-wide material flow analysis （EW-MFA） on the base of the analysis of more than 2 600 items of data on resource utilization and environmental impact at national level. In addition to traditional EW-MFA indicators, the ratio of recycled material （RRM） was added as the new indicator in order to be in accordance with the need of developing circular economy in China. According to the research, it is a linear development between GDP and resources utilization, especially between GDP and the derived indicators of direct material input （DMI） and domestic processed output （DPO）. in the recent years, the material productivity in China had decreased at low level, and the RRM was low compared with Japan. While the environmental impact per unit GDP had decreased, the total environmental load increased due to the enormous development of the economy.