The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community

仅仅在成年纸巾(干细胞) 的房间的一个小数字在每细胞分裂拥有能力到自我更新，当生产区分子细胞为一个有机体维持织物动态平衡时“ s 一生。果蝇卵巢怀有位于作为 germarium 知道的简单解剖结构的干细胞人口(细菌线干细胞( GSC )，体的干细胞( SSC )和护卫干细胞(转换字符))的三种不同类型，显示它为为操作基因由于可靠干细胞鉴定和可得到的复杂基因工具学习干细胞生物学的最好的模型系统之一工作。特别地，为 GSC 的壁龛在 GSC 上在首先并且最好学习的，和研究之中，它的壁龛使许多成为了唯一的贡献到在干细胞和他们的壁龛之间的关系的更好的理解。到目前为止， GSC 和 SSC 被显示了被从他们的壁龛发源的外来的因素和在内工作的内在的因素调整。多重发信号小径为控制 GSC 和 SSC 自强和区别被要求，它提供唯一的机会调查从壁龛的多重信号怎么在干细胞被解释。因为果蝇卵巢包含干细胞的三种类型，学习在给定的纸巾的多重干细胞怎么联合地工作贡献织物功能和维护也提供突出的机会。这评论在学习果蝇卵巢的干细胞加亮最近的主要进展并且也讨论未来方向和挑战。

Only a small number of cells in adult tissues （the stem cells） possess the ability to self-renew at every cell division, while producing differentiating daughter cells to maintain tissue homeostasis for an organism＇s lifetime. The Drosophila ovary harbors three different types of stem cell populations （germline stem cell （GSC）, somatic stem cell （SSC） and escort stem cell （ESC）） located in a simple anatomical structure known as germarium, rendering it one of the best model systems for studying stem cell biology due to reliable stem cell identification and available sophisticated genetic tools for manipulating gene functions. Particularly, the niche for the GSC is among the first and best studied ones, and studies on the GSC and its niche have made many unique contributions to a better understanding of relationships between stem cells and their niche. So far, both the GSC and the SSC have been shown to be regulated by extrinsic factors originating from their niche and intrinsic factors functioning within. Multiple signaling pathways are required for controlling GSC and SSC self-renewal and differentiation, which provide unique opportunities to investigate how multiple signals from the niche are interpreted in the stem cell. Since the Drosophila ovary contains three types of stem cells, it also provides outstanding opportunities to study how multiple stem cells in a given tissue work collaboratively to contribute to tissue function and maintenance. This review highlights recent major advances in studying Drosophila ovarian stem cells and also discusses future directions and challenges.